“THE ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM OF INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS”

AUTHOR – VIDIT RASTOGI* & DR. PRASHANT KUMAR VARUN**

* LL.M (CRIMINAL LAW) SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – VIDIT RASTOGI & DR. PRASHANT KUMAR VARUN, THE ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN SHAPING FEDERAL GOVERNANCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDIA AND U.S. INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 559-570, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Forensic science has emerged as a pivotal element in the effective functioning of the criminal justice system in India. Its application provides objectivity, accuracy, and scientific rigor to the investigation and adjudication of criminal offences. This research paper offers a critical examination of the role and impact of forensic science in India’s legal framework, focusing on its contribution to evidence collection, preservation, and analysis. It delves into the legal admissibility of forensic evidence, the infrastructural and procedural limitations within forensic institutions, and the gaps in coordination between forensic experts and law enforcement agencies. The paper further evaluates significant judicial pronouncements that have shaped the jurisprudence on forensic applications and highlights comparative practices from other jurisdictions to draw lessons for reform. Emphasizing the need for legislative modernization, capacity building, and institutional standardization, this study advocates for the systematic integration of forensic methodologies to enhance the credibility, efficiency, and fairness of the Indian criminal justice system.

Keywords – Forensic science, criminal justice system, India, evidence analysis, scientific investigation, expert testimony, legal framework, judicial decisions, forensic infrastructure, criminal adjudication, comparative analysis, law enforcement, forensic reform.